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Paragraph 4, conditionals sākt mācīties
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But for his advice, I would have worked myself into the ground.
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Paragraph 6, conditionals sākt mācīties
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If I'd known that statistic when I was learning the ropes, I'd be selling insurance today.
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Paragraph 9, conditionals sākt mācīties
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Had I done this, I would have said "yes" to some great books.
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sākt mācīties
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I wish I'd spoken to him earlier.
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sākt mācīties
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I now regret rejecting some authors who went on to have good careers.
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sākt mācīties
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If only I'd known then what I know now.
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How do you make past conditionals? Use to talk about something that could have happened, but didn't, or should not have happened, but did. sākt mācīties
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If + past perfect + would + have + past participle If I hadn't eaten that shellfish, I would have been fine.
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Instead of if + past perfect, two of the conditional sentences use alternative forms. What forms are they? sākt mācīties
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But for his advice, I would have...; Had I done this I would have...
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Are these forms more or less formal than an if clause? sākt mācīties
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Look at the conditional sentence in paragraph 6. Do both clauses refer to the past? What forms are used? If I'd known...; I'd be selling insurance today. sākt mācīties
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No, they don't. The first clause refers to the past; but the second clause refers to the present past perfect; present continuous
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Why do you think this is sometimes called a "mixed conditional"? sākt mācīties
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It's called a mixed conditional because it mixes different time periods (past and present)
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Two of the phrases to describe regrets use the same verb tense. What tense is this? sākt mācīties
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Use regret + gerund, if only + past perfect or wish + past perfect to say we want something in the past to have been different.
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Rule 1 Use if + past perfect and would + present continuous/present simple sākt mācīties
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to form a mixed conditional
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Rule 2 Use a mixed conditional sākt mācīties
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to say that if something in the past had been different, the present would be different.
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Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. take over, know, be, spend, find, cause, stay, pull, die, become, tell, arrive, win, listen, call, cook sākt mācīties
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Use the negative form where necessary.
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If you had (?) to my advice, you (?) in such a terrible situation now. take over, know, be, spend, find, cause, stay, pull, die, become, tell, arrive, win, listen, call, cook sākt mācīties
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If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn't be in such a terrible situation now.
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I regret (?) a manager so young; I wish I (?) more time in the industry first. take over, know, spend, find, cause, stay, pull, die, become, tell, arrive, win, call, cook sākt mācīties
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I regret becoming a manager so young; I wish I had spent more time in the industry first.
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We (?) your house if we (?) you on the mobile. take over, know, find, cause, stay, pull, die, tell, arrive, win, call, cook sākt mācīties
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We wouldn't have found your house if we hadn't called you on the mobile.
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Imagine if Donner Textiles Ltd (?) the company, it (?) all kinds of problems. take over, know, cause, stay, pull, die, tell, arrive, win, cook sākt mācīties
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Imagine if Donner Textiles Ltd had taken over the company, it would have caused all kinds of problems.
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Had they (?) us about that hotel, we (?) there now, instead of in this dump! know, stay, pull, die, tell, arrive, win, cook sākt mācīties
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Had they told us about that hotel, we would be staying there now, instead of in this dump!
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But for the emergency services (?) so quickly, many more people (?) in the fire. know, pull, die, arrive, win, cook sākt mācīties
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But for the emergency services arriving so quickly, many more people would have died in the fire.
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If I (?) she didn't eat wheat, I (?) pasta. sākt mācīties
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If I had known she didn't eat wheat, I wouldn't have cooked pasta.
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It's such a shame: had she (?) a muscle, she (?) the race. sākt mācīties
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It's such a shame: had she not pulled a muscle, she would have won the race.
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We gambled on red. We lost. sākt mācīties
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If we hadn't gambled on red, we would have won.
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They only asked him to the party because he's famous. sākt mācīties
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They wouldn't have asked him to the party if he wasn't /weren't famous.
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The boys feel bad about borrowing your car. sākt mācīties
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The boys regret borrowing your car.
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She didn't know you were a vegetarian! She bought fish! sākt mācīties
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Had she known you were a vegetarian, she wouldn't have bought fish.
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I forgot my keys. Now we're locked out! sākt mācīties
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If only I hadn't forgotten my keys, we wouldn't be locked out.
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I'm working in a boring, low-paid job. I shouldn't have dropped out of university. sākt mācīties
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If I hadn't dropped out of university, I wouldn't be working in a boring, low-paid job.
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Ahmed is sorry he didn't speak to you before you left. sākt mācīties
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Ahmed wishes he had spoken to you before you left.
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He had an injury. We would have won otherwise. sākt mācīties
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But for his injury, we would have won.
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If she had helped him back then, he would (?) helped her. Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. sākt mācīties
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If she had helped him back then, he would have helped her.
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(?) for Ahmed's efforts, this conference would not have happened. sākt mācīties
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But for Ahmed's efforts, this conference would not have happened.
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If (?) we had arrived earlier, we would have seen the sunrise. sākt mācīties
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If only we had arrived earlier, we would have seen the sunrise.
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(?) I known about her illness, I would have come sooner. sākt mācīties
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Had I known about her illness, I would have come sooner.
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I (?) doing some things I did when I was younger. I was thoughtless then! sākt mācīties
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I regret doing some things I did when I was younger. I was thoughtless then!
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I (?) I'd known about the free food! sākt mācīties
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I wish I'd known about the free food!
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If he hadn't come, everyone would (?) died. sākt mācīties
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If he hadn't come, everyone would have died.
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I (?) be working here if I hadn't met Layla in 2008. sākt mācīties
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I would/wouldn't be working here if I hadn't met Layla in 2008.
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sākt mācīties
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In the first 4 sentences, some double contractions are possible. Can you see where?
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sākt mācīties
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this conference would not have happened. sākt mācīties
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this conference wouldn't've happened
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we would have seen the sunrise. sākt mācīties
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sākt mācīties
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sākt mācīties
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a man who is thought to have magic powers; someone who is very good at something: a financial wizard
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his evil deeds, an evil dictator; evil spirits; an evil smell. sākt mācīties
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very bad or harmful, or morally wrong; connected with the devil; very unpleasant.
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sākt mācīties
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a job you get paid regularly for, and is likely to continue for a long time
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My morning commute takes 45 minutes. sākt mācīties
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to regularly travel a long distance to work
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The most common conditional sentences refer to sākt mācīties
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permanent facts, future possibility or imaginary situations.
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The Zero Conditional (permanent facts): sākt mācīties
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If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. (if + present simple, ... present simple)
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The First Conditional (future possibility): sākt mācīties
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If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema. (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The Second Conditional (imaginary situation): sākt mācīties
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If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The Third Conditional (hypothetical past): sākt mācīties
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If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train. (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)
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Zero conditional: General truths and general habits if + present simple, present simple sākt mācīties
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If you add two and two, you get four. if + present simple, present simple
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First conditional: Possible or likely things in the future If + present simple, will + infinitive sākt mācīties
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If it rains later, we'll stay at home. If + present simple, will + infinitive
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Second conditional: Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future If + past simple, would + infinitive sākt mācīties
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If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world. If + past simple, would + infinitive
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Third conditional: Things that didn't happen in the past and their imaginary results If + past perfect, would + have + past participle sākt mācīties
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If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
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Other forms with a third conditional meaning: sākt mācīties
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Supposing you'd met the president, what would you have said? Imagine you'd missed the flight, what would you have done?
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In more formal contexts, it is possible to replace if by inverting the subject and had. sākt mācīties
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Had I know her, I would have said hello.
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Or replace if with but for + noun (+ gerund) sākt mācīties
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But for Wilkinson's heroics, they would have lost the match.
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mixed conditional: use to say how, if something had been different in the past, the present or future would be different. sākt mācīties
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If she'd listened to me, she wouldn't be in debt now.
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regrets: use regret + gerund, if only + past perfect or wish + past perfect to say we want something in the past to have been different. sākt mācīties
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I regret going out last night. If only I hadn't left the oven on. He wishes he'd gone to university.
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Use if only + past simple or wish + past simple to say we want something to be different now. sākt mācīties
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If only we had some matches! I wish you were here. After if only and wish, we often use were instead of was. Were is considered more correct in formal English, although was is often used in spoken English.
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Use if only + would or wish + would to show we are annoyed by something now. sākt mācīties
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If only you'd be more sensible! I wish you would be quiet!
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