23. The business cycle

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sākt mācīties

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jautājums		atbilde
downturn sākt mācīties		a decline in economic activity
upturn sākt mācīties		an increase in economic activity
expectation oczekiwania, wymagania sākt mācīties		beliefs about what will happen in the future
consumption sākt mācīties		purchasing and using goods and services
gross domestic product sākt mācīties		the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
balance of payment sākt mācīties		is a statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world over a defined period, such as a quarter or a year.
demand sākt mācīties		the willingness and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services
supply sākt mācīties		the willingness and ability of businesses to offer goods and services for sale
save sākt mācīties		to keep money so that you can use it in the future
equilibrium sākt mācīties		a state of balance, for example when supply is the same as demand
deficit sākt mācīties		an amount of money that is smaller than is needed
surplus nadmiar sākt mācīties		an excess: a quantity that is larger than is needed
fiscal policy sākt mācīties		government actions concerning taxation and public expenditure działania rządu dotyczące podatków i wydatków publicznych
monetary policy sākt mācīties		government or central bank actions concerning the rate of growth of the money in circulation działania rządu lub banku centralnego dotyczące tempa wzrostu pieniądza w obiegu
money supply podaż pieniądza sākt mācīties		the total amount of money available in an economy at a particular time
keynesianism sākt mācīties		the economic theory that government monetary and fiscal policy should stimulate business activity and increase employment in a recession
business cycle sākt mācīties		a period during which a country's economy goes from growth to recession (= a time when business conditions are bad) and back to growth

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