6.1 MODAL VERBS AND RELATED PHRASES

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Complete the table
sākt mācīties
with the modal and semi-modal verbs underlined in sentences 1-6 below.
You mustn't cross at the red light
mustn't
sākt mācīties
prohibition
Your mother says you can stay out late.
can
sākt mācīties
permission
You don't have to worry about money for a nice holiday.
don't have
sākt mācīties
lack of obligation
He has to work all hours.
has to
sākt mācīties
obligation (strong)
He can't find himself in his profession.
can't
sākt mācīties
lack of ability/ability
He feels he should give everyone the impression that he's successful.
should
sākt mācīties
obligation (weak)
Look at the phrases in bold and think about their meanings.
sākt mācīties
Which category in the table are they closest to?
They are no longer able to compete.
are able to
sākt mācīties
are able to - ability/lack of ability
There are milestones of freedom: ... the point when you are allowed to take public transport alone...
are allowed to
sākt mācīties
be allowed to - permission
A teenager complains because her parents make her do her homework and don't let her stay out after 10 o'clock.
make her do; let her stay
sākt mācīties
make someone - obligation (strong); let someone do - permission
The 30-year-old suffers, because he's supposed to be earning more than his peers...
's supposed to
sākt mācīties
be supposed to - obligation (weak)
often for something not fulfilled
... they managed to break out of the timeline that society had set for them.
managed to
sākt mācīties
manage to - ability/lack of ability
usually when something is difficult
Listen and write the sentences you hear.
sākt mācīties
Cross out a t or a d that isn't pronounced at the end of a word in each sentence.
We must go home now.
sākt mācīties
mus(t)
I can't come to the party.
sākt mācīties
can'(t)
You don't have to do it.
sākt mācīties
don'(t)
You shouldn't listen to him.
sākt mācīties
shouldn'(t)
We're supposed to speak English.
sākt mācīties
suppose(d)
Are we allowed to use dictionaries?
sākt mācīties
allowe(d)
Complete the sentences with a modal verb or related phrase in the correct form.
sākt mācīties
In some cases there is more than one possibility.
Parents 1 be strict with babies or they 1 to control them later.
sākt mācīties
Parents should/must be strict with babies or they won't be able to control them later.
The worst thing about school was that I 2 do what I wanted to.
sākt mācīties
The worst thing about school was that I couldn't/wasn't able to do what I wanted to.
When I was a child, my parents often 3 me stay over at my friends' houses.
sākt mācīties
When I was a child, my parents often let me stay over at my friends' houses.
When I was younger, I 4 help clean our flat but I never did.
sākt mācīties
When I was younger, I was supposed to help clean our flat but I never did.
The best thing about being an adult is that no one can 5 you do something if you don't want to.
sākt mācīties
The best thing about being an adult is that no one can make you do something if you don't want to.
And the worst thing is that you just 6 to get the flat tidy and then the family messes it up again!
sākt mācīties
And the worst thing is that you just manage to get the flat tidy and then the family messes it up again!
When I am older I 7 afford an apartment in the city centre.
sākt mācīties
When I am older I'll be able to afford an apartment in the city centre.
A good thing about being retired is that you 8 work anymore.
sākt mācīties
A good thing about being retired is that you don't have to work anymore.

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