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noun [C ] C1 • synonyms: supporter, proponent • human rights advocate; advocate for/against something; passionate advocate of something • freq in AmE: 7/10 • as a noun: /ˈæd. və. kət/; as a verb: /ˈæd. və. keɪt/ — stress and final syllable differ She’s a passionate advocate for mental health awareness. sākt mācīties
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zwolennik, rzecznik, obrońca a person who publicly supports or defends a particular cause, idea, or group; often used in political, social, legal, or ethical contexts Jest zagorzałą zwolenniczką świadomości zdrowia psychicznego.
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collocation with advocate noun [C ] C1 • staunch advocate of something; become/remain a staunch advocate; staunch advocate for something • freq in AmE: 6/10 • Note ‼ as a noun: /ˈæd. və. kət/; as a verb: /ˈæd. və. keɪt/ — stress and final syllable differ Many staunch advocates of free speech oppose censorship in any form. sākt mācīties
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zagorzały zwolennik, oddany rzecznik a person who is deeply committed to a cause, idea, or group and defends it with unwavering loyalty and conviction; often used in political, ethical, or social contexts to emphasize passionate support Wielu zagorzałych zwolenników wolności słowa sprzeciwia się wszelkiej cenzurze.
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noun [C or U ] C2 literary/philosophical • synonyms: parable, symbol, metaphorical narrative • political/spiritual allegory; allegory of vanity/transformation; allegorical meaning/story/image • freq in AmE: 5/10 George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a political allegory about totalitarianism. | 2. Her novel functions as an allegory of personal transformation. sākt mācīties
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alegoria (opowieść, obraz lub struktura symboliczna, w której elementy reprezentują idee, wartości lub przesłania moralne) a narrative, image, or symbolic system in which characters, events, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities; often used to convey deeper philosophical, political, or spiritual meanings beneath the surface story „Folwark zwierzęcy” Orwella to alegoria totalitaryzmu. | 2. Jej powieść działa jako alegoria przemiany wewnętrznej.
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noun [U ] C1 • synonyms: friendliness, warmth, kindness • natural amiability / display amiability / his amiability never faltered • freq in AmE: 4/10 The host’s amiability set the tone for a joyful evening. sākt mācīties
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uprzejmość, życzliwość, serdeczność the quality of being friendly, pleasant, and likable; a disposition marked by kindness and warmth Serdeczność gospodarza nadała wieczorowi radosny ton.
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noun [U ] C2 formal (also ascendency) • synonyms: dominance, control, supremacy • political/religious ascendancy; gain/maintain/lose ascendancy over • freq in AmE: 5/10 The party’s ascendancy reshaped the country’s political landscape. | 2. Her intellectual ascendancy over the group was undeniable. sākt mācīties
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panowanie, władza, przewaga a position of dominant power, influence, or control over others; often implies a gradual rise to authority or supremacy in political, social, or ideological contexts Panowanie tej partii zmieniło krajobraz polityczny kraju. | 2. Jej intelektualna dominacja nad grupą była niezaprzeczalna.
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collocation with affinity noun [C or U ] C2 (also affinity with something) • synonyms: liking, attraction, connection • affinity toward something; strong/genuine/natural affinity for something • affinity for music/solitude/creativity • freq in AmE: 4/10 She has a strong affinity for classical music. sākt mācīties
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pociąg do czegoś, upodobanie do czegoś, naturalna skłonność do czegoś a natural liking, attraction, or sympathy toward a person, idea, activity, or quality — often instinctive or emotionally resonant Ma wielkie zamiłowanie do muzyki klasycznej.
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noun [C or U ] C2 • synonyms: liking, connection, kinship • affinity for/with someone/something; strong/genuine/natural affinity; emotional/cultural/genetic affinity • freq in AmE: 4/10 She has an affinity for languages and learns them quickly. | 2. There’s a clear affinity between the two artistic styles. sākt mācīties
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pociąg, upodobanie, pokrewieństwo, powinowactwo a natural connection, attraction, or sympathy toward someone or something; also, a resemblance or relationship based on shared qualities or origin Ma naturalny pociąg do języków. | 2. Między tymi stylami artystycznymi widać wyraźne powinowactwo.
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noun [plural ] C2 • synonyms: 2000s, early 21st century, millennial decade • the aughts: fashion/music/tech/culture; aughts nostalgia/trends/revival; metaphor: aughts as digital adolescence • freq in AmE: 4/10 The aughts saw the rise of social media and reality TV. sākt mācīties
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lata dwutysięczne, pierwsza dekada XXI wieku the decade from 2000 to 2009, often referred to in cultural, historical, or stylistic contexts; derived from “aught” meaning zero — thus “the aughts” = the years with two zeros (e.g., 2001, 2005) Lata 2000–2009 to czas narodzin mediów społecznościowych i telewizji reality.
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collocation with adage noun [C ] C1 • synonyms: proverb, saying, maxim • the old adage goes.../says.../reminds us...; quote/live by/repeat an old adage; timeless/familiar/wisdom-filled adage • freq in AmE: 5/10 The old adage “actions speak louder than words” still holds true. | 2. As the old adage goes, “you reap what you sow.” sākt mācīties
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stare przysłowie, znana maksyma a well-known and often repeated saying that expresses a general truth, principle, or piece of wisdom; typically traditional and passed down over time Stare powiedzenie „czyny mówią więcej niż słowa” nadal jest aktualne. | 2. Jak głosi znana maksyma: „kto sieje wiatr, zbiera burzę”.
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noun [C ] formal • synonyms: atrocity, disgrace, horror • moral/religious/cultural abomination; denounce/regard something as abomination; utter/pure/unspeakable abomination • freq in AmE: 4/10 The dictator’s cruelty was an abomination to the world. | 2. The film portrayed war as a human abomination. sākt mācīties
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odraza, obrzydliwość, ohyda something that causes intense hatred, disgust, or moral outrage; often used to describe acts, ideas, or entities considered deeply offensive or repulsive Okrucieństwo dyktatora było obrzydliwością dla świata. | 2. Film ukazywał wojnę jako ludzką zgrozę.
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noun [C ] C1 • synonyms: forebear, predecessor, originator • honor ancestors; trace ancestry; ancestor of a tradition/species/machine; ancient ancestor, cultural ancestor • freq in AmE: 5/10 The ancient carvings were made to honor tribal ancestors. | 2. This early computer is the ancestor of today’s smartphones. sākt mācīties
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a person from whom one is descended, typically more distant than a grandparent; metaphorically, a predecessor or originator in a lineage, tradition, or system Starożytne rzeźby powstały, by uczcić plemiennych przodków. | 2. Ten wczesny komputer to przodek współczesnych smartfonów.
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