EViU | Chapters: 26-55

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jautājums English atbilde English
oferować dobry stosunek wartości do ceny
sākt mācīties
to offer good value for money
when you may stay somewhere overnight before continuing to your destination
sākt mācīties
a stopover
a bed in a cabin with other people
sākt mācīties
a berth in a shared cabin | berth = kuszetka
to escape your daily life and routines
sākt mācīties
to get away from it all
wagon osobowy (w pociągu)
sākt mācīties
carriage / coach [BrE] or car [AmE]
get off one train and on to another
sākt mācīties
to change trains
a train which takes you directly to your destination
sākt mācīties
a through train = a direct train
to travel to different places (informal)
sākt mācīties
to get around (e.g. car hire is another way of getting around)
go where you want when you want
sākt mācīties
to come and go as you please
if you do your own cooking during holidays
sākt mācīties
a self-catering holiday
a small cottage or cabin specially built for holiday-maker
sākt mācīties
a chalet
urlopowicz, wczasowicz
sākt mācīties
holidaymaker [BrE] / vacationer or vacationist [AmE]
a small, relatively cheap hotel
sākt mācīties
a guest house | pensjonat, domek gościnny
similar to a pub but also offering accommodation
sākt mācīties
an inn
usually breakfast and one other meal
sākt mācīties
half board
all meals included
sākt mācīties
full board
go where there are not many people
sākt mācīties
to escape the crowds
go to places tourists don't normally go, somewhere different or unusual
sākt mācīties
to get off the beaten track
extremely beautiful
sākt mācīties
stunning
showing good judgement, esp. about style and quality
sākt mācīties
discerning | wymagający, wytrawny
a crowd, in a negative sense
sākt mācīties
a horde
a large amount of...
sākt mācīties
a wealth of...
to get back your energy
sākt mācīties
to recharge
areas of land protected in order to keep safe the animals and plants that live there, often because they are rare
sākt mācīties
nature reserves | rezerwaty przyrody
are of land (collocates with large, vast, huge)
sākt mācīties
a tract | obszar, przestrzeń, połać ziemi
wzbudzający podziw, zbudzający respekt
sākt mācīties
awe-inspiring
a long, pleasant walk but not too demanding
sākt mācīties
a ramble [BrE] | przechadzka, spacer
a more demanding walk, suggesting more difficult terrain
sākt mācīties
a hike
a walk that usually spans over several days over wild country
sākt mācīties
a trek
the business of organising holidays in a way which helps local people and does not damage the environment
sākt mācīties
ecotourism
the inland areas furthest away from the sea or from borders with other countries
sākt mācīties
heartland
on the edge of the sea or of a river
sākt mācīties
waterfront
dry
sākt mācīties
arid
tending to have a particular negative characteristic
sākt mācīties
prone to
area in the north with no trees and permanently frozen ground
sākt mācīties
tundra
plant life
sākt mācīties
vegetation
trees that are evergreen (= in leaf all year round) and produce cones
sākt mācīties
coniferous | iglasty
szyszka
sākt mācīties
cone
trees that lose their leaves in winter
sākt mācīties
deciduous | liściasty, zrzucający liście, ale też mleczny o zębie
ząb mleczny
sākt mācīties
deciduous tooth
umiarkowany (o klimacie)
sākt mācīties
temperate
flat grasslands in Canada and Northern US
sākt mācīties
prairie | preria, step północnoamerykański
a field planted with rice growing in water
sākt mācīties
paddy field | pole ryżowe
to take care of sth
sākt mācīties
to tend sth
producing goods in large numbers
sākt mācīties
manufacturing
in an important position regarding something
sākt mācīties
to be at the forefront of sth
existing naturally in that place
sākt mācīties
indigenous (e.g. tribes)
to make your home somewhere
sākt mācīties
to settle somewhere | osiedlić się
cold (adjective, provide synonyms)
sākt mācīties
chilly, freezing, nippy
hot (adjective, about weather, provide synonyms)
sākt mācīties
boiling, sweltering, roasting
windy (adjective, provide synonyms)
sākt mācīties
blowy, breezy
what does a climate of distrust mean?
sākt mācīties
a general situation of distrust
to cloud something
sākt mācīties
to confuse something (e.g. to cloud one's judgement)
mgliste wspomnienie
sākt mācīties
a hazy memory
1. existing at a particular time or in a particular place, 2. attitudes or types of behaviour are the ones that are most common or have most influence
sākt mācīties
prevailing
parny, duszny (o pogodzie)
sākt mācīties
oppressive, sultry, stifling, heavy, close (e.g. It's close today. I can barely breathe.)
ulewa
sākt mācīties
downpour, deluge, it's pouring
leje jak z cebra!
sākt mācīties
it's chucking it down!
wilgotny (w nieprzyjemny sposób, głównie o pogodzie)
sākt mācīties
humid, muggy. clammy, sticky
frosty
sākt mācīties
unfriendly, unwelcoming (e.g. sth is met with frosty reception but also frosty tone, frosty look)
with your reputation damaged because you may have done something wrong
sākt mācīties
under a cloud (e.g. he left the company under a cloud)
rapid, moving quickly in other words
sākt mācīties
whirlwind (e.g. a whirlwind romance)
1. neither very great nor very small in amount, size, strength, or degree, 2. reasonable and avoiding extreme opinions or actions
sākt mācīties
moderate (e.g. moderate increase/loss/growth)
to moderate
sākt mācīties
to make less extreme
lots of hard, unpleasant things that one can't stop or escape from
sākt mācīties
a hail of something
to praise sb/sth in a way that will increase expectations of them
sākt mācīties
built sth/sb up
to make relationships more solid
sākt mācīties
to cement
to meet a barrier (metaphorically)
sākt mācīties
to come up against a brick wall
a limit to sth
sākt mācīties
ceiling (e.g. they put a ceiling on the number of planned redundancies)
used about prices, to increase in a rapid, uncontrolled fashion
sākt mācīties
go through the roof
to get very angry
sākt mācīties
hit the roof
a chance to do sth special
sākt mācīties
window of opportunity
(usually about a quality or idea) to depart
sākt mācīties
go out (of) the window
not to know about the unpleasant or ordinary thinks that happen in life
sākt mācīties
to live in an ivory tower
1) to be outstandingly tall, 2) to be outstanding in some positive way
sākt mācīties
to tower above sth/sb
to give an opportunity to get somewhere
sākt mācīties
to be a gateway to
to do sth unofficially
sākt mācīties
do sth through/by the back door
to do sth in secret
sākt mācīties
to do sth behind closed doors
to provide the starting point
sākt mācīties
to lay the foundations
to go back to the place where your family came from
sākt mācīties
go back to your roots
roots suggest the origin of sth
sākt mācīties
e.g. the root of a problem
to settle down and make your home in one place
sākt mācīties
to put down roots
when an idea becomes known or accepted, it...
sākt mācīties
takes root
to stop sth before it develops into sth
sākt mācīties
to nip sth in the bud (= zdusić coś w zarodku)
to weed out
sākt mācīties
to get rid of
to cut/limit sth
sākt mācīties
to prune back
to become smaller
sākt mācīties
to fade
to get results from sth
sākt mācīties
to reap the rewards of something
to experience the logical results of your actions (usually used in negative contexts)
sākt mācīties
to reap what you sowed
to dig up
sākt mācīties
to discover
to germinate
sākt mācīties
to begin to develop
to lose energy
sākt mācīties
to wilt
to appear quickly in large numbers
sākt mācīties
to sprout up
first signs of sth happening
sākt mācīties
green shoots of sth
to grow/develop well and successfully based on sth
sākt mācīties
to thrive on sth (e.g. stress)
an animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively meat (or grass/vegetation)
sākt mācīties
carnivore (herbivore)
an animal that feeds on dead animals which it has not killed itself
sākt mācīties
scavenger
behaving very gently (about animals)
sākt mācīties
docile
not afraid of humans, usually because of training or long involvement with humans (about animals)
sākt mācīties
tame
extremely violent or wild
sākt mācīties
savage
behaving aggresively
sākt mācīties
fierce
preferred natural place for living and breeding
sākt mācīties
natural habitat
to die out / to become extinct
sākt mācīties
wyginąć
areas of land where animals are protected from hunting
sākt mācīties
game reserve / game park
a place where stray cats, dogs, etc. are given food and a place to live
sākt mācīties
animal shelter
sports whose purpose is to kill or injure animals
sākt mācīties
blood sports
the selling of animal furs. for coats, jackets, etc.
sākt mācīties
fur trade
people who hunt animals illegally
sākt mācīties
poachers
polować na coś
sākt mācīties
prey on something
kampania na rzecz czegoś
sākt mācīties
campaign for something
places where animals live and breed which are decreasing in size
sākt mācīties
shrinking habitats
variety of different types of biological species
sākt mācīties
biodiversity
in danger of no longer existing
sākt mācīties
endangered species
zmiany klimatyczne
sākt mācīties
climatic changes
balance of natural relationships in the environment
sākt mācīties
ecological balance
unrestricted destruction of forests
sākt mācīties
uncontrolled deforestation
getting rid of waste
sākt mācīties
waste disposal
poisonous waste materials
sākt mācīties
toxic waste
reputation for positive support of the environment and for making policies that reflect this
sākt mācīties
green credentials
steady rise in average world temperature
sākt mācīties
global warming
coal, oil, etc.
sākt mācīties
fossil fuels (paliwa kopalne)
to put great pressure on something in other words
sākt mācīties
to exert severe pressure on something
limited that will eventually run out / be exhausted
sākt mācīties
finite resources
forecasts about the population
sākt mācīties
demographic projections
ability to ensure that a population has safe drinking water
sākt mācīties
water security
people who always make the most depressing and pessimistic predictions about the future
sākt mācīties
prophets of doom and gloom
development of industry, etc. which doesn't damage the environment or social and economic stability, and which can continue over a period of time
sākt mācīties
sustainable development
toksyna, trucizna
sākt mācīties
toxin
to listen, take things seriously and act
sākt mācīties
be responsible to sth
willing to understand and help
sākt mācīties
accommodating | uprzejmy, uczynny
willing and happy to do things for somebody
sākt mācīties
obliging
być na gwarancji
sākt mācīties
to be under guarantee/warranty
to be available in a real, physical store
sākt mācīties
to be in-store
lacking a personal element or feeling of human warmth
sākt mācīties
impersonal
poor quality (of services or of goods)
sākt mācīties
shoddy
below the standard expected
sākt mācīties
substandard
not supportive, unwilling to work together
sākt mācīties
uncooperative
phone number where you can get help if you have problems
sākt mācīties
a helpline
make sb wait
sākt mācīties
put sb on hold
alphabetical list of contents of website
sākt mācīties
site index
a form with personal details and date of arrival
sākt mācīties
landing card
form showing how much money and what goods you're carrying
sākt mācīties
customs declaration form
paper proving you have had the necessary health injections
sākt mācīties
vaccination certificate
rules about who can enter a country and for how long
sākt mācīties
entry regulations
checks done as a sample rather than checking everyone or everything
sākt mācīties
spot checks (on sth, e.g. baggage)
specially trained dogs who locate specific items using their sense of smell
sākt mācīties
sniffer/detector dogs
to request permission to stay in another country to avoid persecution back home
sākt mācīties
to claim asylum
make people obey the law
sākt mācīties
enforce the law
fotoradar
sākt mācīties
safety/speed camera
tv system sending signals to a limited number of screens
sākt mācīties
CCTV
police who don't wear uniform
sākt mācīties
plain-clothes police
tricking people on the Internet to give up personal information
sākt mācīties
phishing
a person who supports a particular idea or party
sākt mācīties
an adherent (of)
a person who's taken on a new set of beliefs
sākt mācīties
a convert (to)
sb with a very strong belief that something is great (often disapproving)
sākt mācīties
a fanatic
sb who believes there should be extreme change, often political
sākt mācīties
a radical (verb. to radicalise)
sb opposed to change or new ideas (disapproving)
sākt mācīties
a reactionary
a principle on which a belief is based
sākt mācīties
a tenet
a person who publicly supports an opinion
sākt mācīties
a proponent (of sth)
a way of thinking about a situation
sākt mācīties
a viewpoint = a point of view
not wanting or able to believe sth
sākt mācīties
incredulous
influenced by beliefs or feelings rather than facts
sākt mācīties
subjective
przypisać coś komuś
sākt mācīties
attribute sth to sb
accept that sb is telling the truth even though it's not certain
sākt mācīties
give sb the benefit of the doubt
do not totally believe what you're told
sākt mācīties
take sth w/ a pinch of salt
100th anniversary (200th anniversary)
sākt mācīties
centenary (bi-)
serious, heavy and sad
sākt mācīties
sombre
extremely colourful and exaggerated
sākt mācīties
flamboyant
very noisy
sākt mācīties
raucous
respect and remember officially
sākt mācīties
to commemorate (= upamiętnić, uczcić pamięć)
a group of countries ruled by a single person
sākt mācīties
empire
beginning (in other words)
sākt mācīties
dawn
when sb or an army defeats and takes over another country
sākt mācīties
a conquest (podbój)
very small amounts
sākt mācīties
shreds
soldiers on foot (uncountable)
sākt mācīties
infantry
soldiers on horseback (uncountable)
sākt mācīties
cavalry
rydwan
sākt mācīties
chariot
a military leader who controls a country or, more often, an area within a country
sākt mācīties
warlord (gubernator wojskowy lub watażka)
collective term for people of the highest social rank in a society
sākt mācīties
the nobility (arystokracja)
to be influenced or controlled too much by something
sākt mācīties
be a slave to​/​of something
extreme poverty
sākt mācīties
penury
a place to live that is protected from the weather
sākt mācīties
shelter
weak or ill because you do not eat enough or do not eat enough of the right foods
sākt mācīties
malnourished
conditions and processes relating to people’s health, especially the systems that supply water and deal with human waste
sākt mācīties
sanitation (= warunki sanitarne)
money is tight
sākt mācīties
there's not much money
range of income with upper and lower levels
sākt mācīties
income bracket
not having the things that are essential for a comfortable life
sākt mācīties
deprived (e.g. deprived home - ubogi dom)
categorised at in other words
sākt mācīties
labelled as
provide a synonym for 'wealth'
sākt mācīties
affluence
to have a life with many dangers and risks, especially because you like to behave in an extreme and unusual way
sākt mācīties
live on the edge
to be extremely poor
sākt mācīties
live/be on the breadline
have enough money to buy all you need
sākt mācīties
to make ends meet (wiązać koniec z końcem)
affected by poverty
sākt mācīties
poverty-stricken
poor, without much money to live on
sākt mācīties
impoverished (zubożały)
with no money or possessions
sākt mācīties
destitute (adjective)
to have just enough money or food to stay alive
sākt mācīties
to live from hand to mouth (= klepać biedę)
try to influence the opinions
sākt mācīties
to lobby
a law, or a set of laws
sākt mācīties
legislation
period after a proposed law has been discussed by Parliament when it's looked at in detail by a group of people
sākt mācīties
committee stage
a committee that checks and reports on some aspect of government work
sākt mācīties
select committee
to look very closely at something
sākt mācīties
scrutinise (szczegółowo badać, analizować)
a large political meeting or demonstration
sākt mācīties
rally (zbiórka zwolenników lub przeciwników czegoś)
if something is down to somebody, it's...
sākt mācīties
the responsibility of that person
opinia/zdanie w sprawie czegoś
sākt mācīties
opinion on something
the official record of debates in the British, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, or South African parliament.
sākt mācīties
Hansard
someone who lives in a constituency and is allowed to vote in elections
sākt mācīties
constituent (= wyborca z danego regionu) | constituency = okręg wyborczy
when sth is substantive, it's...
sākt mācīties
of significance
a set of plans or actions agreed on by a government, political party, business, or other group
sākt mācīties
policy
to cross departmental boundaries
sākt mācīties
to deal with different departments
a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal even though this has not been proved
sākt mācīties
allegation (bezpodstawne twierdzenie, insynuacja)
a conduct (of sb) - what does it mean?
sākt mācīties
just behaviour of someone
to follow closely to see how a job is done
sākt mācīties
to shadow the work of somebody
covering many subjects, diverse
sākt mācīties
wide-ranging
special skill or knowledge that you get from experience, training, or study
sākt mācīties
expertise (in something)
a full set of laws of a country
sākt mācīties
constitution
to form (e.g. an organisation)
sākt mācīties
to constitute
to try to achieve
sākt mācīties
to pursue
to set up (provide synonyms)
sākt mācīties
to establish / to put in place
pokazać komuś, gdzie jego miejsce
sākt mācīties
put somebody in their place
to show that you support something such as an idea by what you say or do
sākt mācīties
to uphold
involvement in a difficult situation in order to improve it
sākt mācīties
intervention
to accept that something is true or important OR to accept the authority or status of someone or something
sākt mācīties
to recognise (e.g. This credit card is recognised all over the world.)
niezaprzeczalnie / niewątpliwie
sākt mācīties
undeniably (syn. certainly)
to promise to do sth (formal)
sākt mācīties
to undertake to do something (= zobowiązać się do zrobienia czegoś)
powszechny, zwyczajowy
sākt mācīties
customary (e.g. It's customary to tip the waiter.)
break the law/rules in a way that's considered not to be very harmful
sākt mācīties
to bend the law/rules
to break the law
sākt mācīties
to contravene the law / to infringe the law
to make a formal statement saying that a person in public office has committed a serious offence
sākt mācīties
to impeach a president/governor
to make an official request that a previous judgement should be changed
sākt mācīties
to lodge an appeal
to say that a previous decision in court was correct/incorrect
sākt mācīties
to uphold/overturn a verdict
someone who is determined to succeed and who works hard to achieve this.
sākt mācīties
go-getter
to try to influence the result of a court case, especially by preventing the true facts about a crime from being known. Perverting the course of justice is also referred to as obstructing the administration of justice.
sākt mācīties
to pervert the course of justice
to change a previous official decision that someone was guilty
sākt mācīties
to quash a conviction (= unieważniać skazanie)
to take legal action against sb
sākt mācīties
to sue sb
to give one parent or adult the main responsibility for a child, esp. after separation or divorce
sākt mācīties
to award/grant custody to sb (= przyznać opiekę nad dzieckiem)
to declare that sth no longer exists and never existed
sākt mācīties
to annul a(n) agreement/marriage/law/contract
to say that sb has done sth illegal without giving proof
sākt mācīties
to allege (zarzucać coś komuś, pomawiać kogoś)
to make changes to a law
sākt mācīties
to amend a law
unfair treatment on grounds of sex, rate or nationality
sākt mācīties
discrimination against sth
stealing money that belongs to an organisation that you work for
sākt mācīties
embezzlement (= defraudacja, malwersacja)
putting undue pressure on sb
sākt mācīties
harassment
lying under an oath
sākt mācīties
perjury (= krzywoprzysięstwo)
illegal buying and selling of shares by sb who has specialist knowledge of a company
sākt mācīties
insider trading/dealing
moving money obtained illegally so that its origin cannot be traced
sākt mācīties
money laundering
following sb or giving them unwanted or obsessive attention
sākt mācīties
stalking
going onto someone else's land without permission
sākt mācīties
trespassing
take the law into your own hands - what does it mean?
sākt mācīties
you do sth illegal to punish sb bc you feel the legal system will not punish that person
to refuse to behave like everyone else, or to believe you can do whatever you want to
sākt mācīties
to be a law unto oneself (idiom, = stanowić prawo dla samego siebie, robić cokolwiek się zechce)
to say with great force what you think should happen
sākt mācīties
to lay down the law (idiom, = rozkazywać, rządzić się)
activities concerning the relationships between governments
sākt mācīties
diplomacy
official order such as the stopping of trade, taken against a country to make it obey
sākt mācīties
sanction
people injured or killed that who are not members of the military/police
sākt mācīties
civilian casualites
remove someone from power using force
sākt mācīties
overthrow
disagreement or fighting between groups
sākt mācīties
unrest
when sth is all-out (e.g. a war), it is...
sākt mācīties
complete & total
finding a way to end conflict and the negative feelings between groups
sākt mācīties
conflict resolution
to start to use a plan or idea so that it becomes real and has practical results
sākt mācīties
put​/​bring​/​carry something into effect (= wcielić w życie)
having existed for a long time
sākt mācīties
longstanding (e.g. a tradition, arrangement, agreement)
fight a war against sb in other words
sākt mācīties
wage war on someone
to attack unexpectedly from secret positions
sākt mācīties
to ambush
an agreement to stop fighting for a period of time, especially in order to discuss permanent peace
sākt mācīties
a ceasefire (= zawieszenie broni)
a planned group of military activities
sākt mācīties
a campaign
people fighting against their government
sākt mācīties
a rebellion
głęboka bieda
sākt mācīties
deep/abject poverty
give to be used for a particular purpose
sākt mācīties
to allocate (e.g. funds)
what is a development grant?
sākt mācīties
a grant awarded, esp by a government, to a person or company in order to fund the development of a new product OR a grant paid by a government to a company choosing to set up in an area suffering from unemployment and economic depression
to get rid of something completely, especially something bad
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to eradicate
what does an ailing economy mean?
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an economy in a bad state
what does a double-dip recession mean?
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it's a recession which ends and then begins again after a short time
give the economy a lift
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to boost the economy
the placing of unfair restrictions, e.g. limiting imports
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restrictive practices
restrictions on what a country may import/export
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sanctions
what does it mean to lift restrictions?
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to cancel restrictions
a war-torn economy has been...
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badly affected by war
znaleźć się / wyjść z recesji
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go into recession / come out of OR emerge from recession
a serious fall/collapse in prices
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slump in prices
poprawić dostęp do czegoś
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improve access to something
to have no money left
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to be broke/skint
to have lots of money
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to roll in it (informal)
when your finances are not good
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things are a bit tight
to need cash and have very little
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to be strapped for cash
a regular automatic payment
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a direct debit
movement of money online between two bank accounts
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electronic transfer
annual percentage rate of interest
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ARP
card where the money is taken directly from your bank account
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debit card
credit card issued by a store/shop for that store
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store card
to take money from your account (synonyms)
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to get some money out / to withdraw some money
bankomat
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ATM = cash machine = cashpoint
karta zbliżeniowa
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contactless card = tap-and-go card
a single, large payment
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a lump sum
a large payment to sb on leaving a job
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a golden handshake
a combination of investments of different kinds
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a share portfolio (= portfel akcji)
money saved over many years
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life savings
descriptions of the lives of people who've just died
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obituary
a newspaper article expressing the editor's opinion on a topical issue.
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an editorial (= artykuł wstępny, wstępniak)
a short advertisement that you put in a newspaper, for example so that you can sell something
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classified ad
a separate magazine included w/ the newspaper
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supplement (= dodatek)
an article or set of articles devoted to a particular topic
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a feature (on sth)
sections in a paper or magazine that deal with readers' private emotional problems
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agony columns
a person who answers letters in the agony column
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an agony aunt
grzbiet książki
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a spine of a book
prowadzić dziennik
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to keep a journal
the use of small computers to produce newspapers, magazines, or professional documents
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desktop publishing [= publikowanie zza biurka (przygotowywanie tekstów i ilustracji do druku)]
a number of copies sold by a newspaper or magazine
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a circulation (= nakład)
a regular report with information for people belonging to a particular group
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newsletter
to access sth illegally
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to hack sth
odfiltrować
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screen out = filter out (e.g. screen out spam = prevent it from reaching you)
unsurpassed - what's the meaning?
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it means 'the best there is'
to be much better than any other / pozostawić daleko w tyle
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to leave sb/sth standing (e.g. our dishwashers leave other models standing)
make sth seem insignificant
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to put/leave sth in the shade
extremely low / na najniższym możliwym poziomie
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rock-bottom [adj] / rock bottom [noun] means the lowest possible level
to slash prices
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to dramatically reduce prices
to treat yourself to something luxurious
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to pamper yourself / dogodzić sobie
to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy but which may be bad for you
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indulge yourself with something
impressive, expensive, and of high quality
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sumptuous = opulent
designed by studying people and their working or living conditions, esp. in order to improve effectiveness
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ergonomically designed
to be noticed (= wyróżniać się w tłumie/z tłumu)
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to stand out in/from the crowd
to turn heads [idiom]
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to attract a lot of attention
words written in the sky using smoke from a plane
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sky-writing
advertising posters hung at the back and front of a person, who then walks around a busy area
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sandwich boards
what does it mean 'to plug' in marketing?
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it means 'to advertise'
what does broadcast journalism include?
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TV and radio
where ordinary citizens use social media to report, photograph and share news with others
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citizen journalism
people trying to influence what other people think about a particular issue
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pressure groups (= grupy nacisku)
what does it mean to 'air your view'? [idiom]
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to express your opinions
to want to reach a wider audience
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to seek publicity (= szukać rozgłosu)
a short comment by a politician or other famous person that is taken from a longer conversation or speech and broadcast alone because it is very interesting or effective
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a soundbite
to present a story in your own way
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to put your own gloss/spin on a story
what does it mean to monitor?
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to regularly check
polować na coś
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hunt for [idiom] = look for
nagłośnienie, uwaga, zainteresowanie (mediów)
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media coverage (news about something on television or radio or in the newspapers)
a newspaper (suggesting it's not of very high quality)
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a rag
what does 'gutter press' mean?
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it's a disapproving term used about the kind of newspapers/magazines that are more interested in crime/sex than serious news
iść do druku
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to go to press
previous issues of a paper
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back copies
a story that's only to be found in one newspaper
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an exclusive = a scoop
oszczerstwo, zniesławienie, potwarz
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a libel (also: to libel as a verb) OR a defamation
the practice of looking for and publishing evidence that a famous person has done something wrong
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muckraking (= ujawnianie skandalu, pranie brudów) | muckraker - sb who looks for scandals
[legal] the crime of saying something about someone that is not true and is likely to damage their reputation
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slander (also functions as a verb 'to slander')
what's primary care?
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provided by the doctors or nurses who the patient goes to first when they have a problem
a doctor who does the job of another doctor who's ill or on holiday
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a locum
what's acute condition?
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one that's severe and sudden in onset (onset = nadejście)
what's secondary care?
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provided by specialists in special clinics or hospitals
być skierowanym do specjalisty (od swojego lekarza)
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to be referred to a specialist
okulista
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ophthalmologist
what's a surgery?
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a small centre offering primary care run by a single GP or a group of GPs
what's a clinic?
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a centre which specializes in treating a particular condition or group of conditions
położnik
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obstetrician
pediatra
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paediatrician
anestezjolog
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anaesthetist
what's alternative/complementary medicine?
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approaches that differ from conventional western approaches
kręgarz
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chiropractor (= people who treat patients by pressing joints in places where two joints are connected, e.g. the spine, or backbone)
być opłacanym z podatków
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be paid for through taxes
tax paid by most working adults which covers the costs of healthcare for everyone
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national insurance
finansowane przez państwo
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state-funded / state-financed
what does it mean to go private?
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to choose private healthcare
provide four expressions that mean "not well, but not seriously ill"
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1) off-colour (to look off-colour), 2) feel out of sort, 3) feel under the weather, 4) feel poorly
to try to get rid of a cold
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to fight off a cold
to catch a disease, usually a non-serious illness
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to go down with (e.g. the flu) / if you're talking about yourself, it's more common to use 'come down with, e.g. the flu
what does it mean to suffer from something?
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to have more long-term health problems
with a high temperature /fever
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feverish
feeling that you want to vomit
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nauseous
what does it mean to get over (e.g. a virus)
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to recover / get better
what does it mean to recover from (e.g. an operation)?
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to get better, used for more serious illnesses
what does it mean to be on the mend? [idiom]
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1) to be getting better after an illness / 2) to be improving after a difficult or unsuccessful period
persistent, low-level pain
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an ache (also a verb 'to ache')
to give pain, stronger than 'to ache'
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to hurt
what does 'aches and pains' mean?
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a fixed expression, refers to minor problems (e.g. I'm fine apart from the usual aches and pains)
what does 'cuts and bruises' mean?
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fixed expression, refers to minor injuries
a sudden, burning pain
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sting/stinging (= kłucie)
beating w/ pain (e.g. about headache)
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throbbing (e.g. my head is throbbing)
pain & difficulty moving your neck round
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to have a stiff neck
a. feeling that you're spinning round and can't balance
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dizzy (adj)
what does 'bunged up' mean (about your nose)?
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bunged up = blocked (about your nose!)
what does 'to be over the worst' mean?
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to be past the most difficult period (e.g. of a sickness)
to be fully healthy again
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to be back on your feet [idiom] (= stanąć na nogi)
what does it mean to have a past history of a disease?
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to have a record of medical conditions a person has experienced
an illness or medical condition in other words
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disorder (= zaburzenie / choroba)
an illness of the stomach or digestive passages
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gastrointestinal disease (żołądkowo-jelitowa choroba)
przewód pokarmowy
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gastrointestinal tract
a tube that carries solid waste out of the body
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bowel (= jelito)
what is a bowel movement [formal]
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wypróżnienie
what are adverse reactions?
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unwanted results
what is a condition (medical term)?
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an illness or a physical problem
what's a prognosis (medical)?
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how experts expect an illness to develop
a rash of sth
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a number of similar things happening at the same time (e.g. a rash of burglaries)
a point of very high intensity
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at the fever pitch / to reach fever pitch
what does 'jaundiced' mean?
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1) yellow-looking skin because of a liver problem 2) unenthusiastic or sceptical because of previous bad experiences
what does it mean to carry the scars of sth or to be scarred by sth?
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to be permanently affected by a negative experience
trzymać rękę na pulsie (to be conscious of new developments in a situation)
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to have/keep one's finger on the pulse [idiom]
na czas trwania czegoś
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for the duration of something
what does 'to impede' mean?
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to slow down or make difficult
unwanted substance that forms on the surface of the arteries
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plaque (płytka miażdżycowa, ale również osad nazębny)
to make sth to become blocked
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to clog
to cause a problem
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to pose a danger
what does 'cardiovascular' mean?
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it relates to the heart and blood (= sercowo-naczyniowy/krążeniowy)
a hormone that controls the level of sugar in the body
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insulin
good at or keen on sports
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sporty
the rate at which your body digests food
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metabolism
what does it mean to be intent on sth?
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to be determined to do sth
quick & energetic (e.g. about a walk)
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brisk
to try to gain an advantage but make things worse rather than better
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to score an own goal
what does it mean to move the goalposts?
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to change the rules
what does a level playing-field mean?
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a fair situation / a situation that is fair for all the people involved
to be seriously considered in other words
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to be in the running for sth
what does 'to skate around' mean?
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to not talk directly about sth (e.g. to skate around the subject)
to do something, or to deal with something, very easily (sailing metaphor)
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sail through something
industry that uses large heavy machines to produce materials such as coal or steel or large objects such as cars or ships
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heavy industry
technology that involves the most modern or advanced methods, especially electronic equipment and computers
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high technology
extremely modern and advanced
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cutting-edge (e.g. technology)
the sale of a business or industry that was owned and managed by the government
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privatisation
industry in which small goods are produced, for example things that you use in the house
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light industry
when industry is owned by the government
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state ownership
what does it mean to nationalize
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if a government nationalizes a large company or industry, it takes control of it and owns it
training people for new jobs and teaching them new skills
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retraining/reskilling
big companies with operations in many different countries
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multinationals
what is a cost-cutting exercise?
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an effort to reduce costs
what's a public-private partnership?
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partly state-owned, partly owned by private industries or businesses
money/grants which enable an industry/business to stay in profit
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subsidy
an investment from foreign companies
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an inward investment
be only paid for the amount your produce
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be on piece-work (= być pracownikiem akordowym)
what does it mean to work on zero hours contract
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number of hours you work each week may vary, or there's no work, so you don't get paid (=umowa zero godzin (typ umowy o pracę w Wlk. Brytanii)
a union that negotiates wages and conditions for the people it represents
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trade union representation
what does it mean to switch production?
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to move the centre of manufacturing to a different place

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