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"Would you like me to help you?" reported speech (offers) sākt mācīties
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+to infinitive agree, claim*, demand*, offer, promise*, refuse, threaten*
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"Can you hold this to me, please?" reported speech (ask) sākt mācīties
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+sb+to infinitive advise, allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid, invite, order, remind*, warn*
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"Why don't we check with Joel?" reported speech (suggest) sākt mācīties
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She suggested checking with Joel. +ing accuse sb of, admit (to)*, apologise for, boast of/about*, complain (to sb) of/about*, deny*, insist on*, suggest*
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"Your courses begin in two weeks." reported speech (inform sb) sākt mācīties
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He informed me that my courses began in two weeks +that clause
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Kiedy pada śnieg, jest zimno na dworze. general truth or scientific fact sākt mācīties
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If/When it snows, it is cold outside. present simple
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Jeśli się pospieszę, to będę tam na czas. real present/future sākt mācīties
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If I hurry, I will get there on the time. future/imperative, can/may/could/might/should+bare infinitive if+present simple/continuous, present perfect/continuous
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Gdybyśmy mieli większy dom, mielibyśmy pokój gościnny. unreal present/advice(if I were you) sākt mācīties
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If we had a bigger house, we would have a guest room. would/could/might+bare infinitive If+ past Simple or past continuous
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Gdybym wiedział o imprezie, przyszedłbym. unreal past sākt mācīties
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If I had known about the party l, I would have come. would/could/might+have+past participle if+past Perfect or past Perfect continuous
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Gdybyś mówił dwoma językami dostałbyś (tamtą) pracę. sākt mācīties
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If you spoke two foreign languages, you would have got the job. would/could/might+have+past participle if+past Simple or past continuous
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Gdybyś nie skłamał dla naszego nauczyciela, nie bylibyśmy teraz w tarapatach. sākt mācīties
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If you hadn't lied to our teacher, we wouldn't be in trouble now. would/could/might+bare infinitive if+past Perfect or past Perfect continuous
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Chciałbym być na wakacjach. wishes sākt mācīties
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to say that we would like sth to be different in the PRESENT I wish/if only+past Simple/past continuous
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Chciałbym, żeby nie skłamała o wyniku jej testu. wishes sākt mācīties
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If only she hadn't lied about her test result. to express regret about something which happened in the PAST I wish/if only+past Perfect
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Chciałbym, aby James przestał gadać w klasie. wishes sākt mācīties
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If only James would stop talking in class a polite imperative/a desire for a situation or person's behaviour to change I wish/if only+subject+would+bare infinitive
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Załóżmy, że twój nauczyciel poprosił, abyś mówił przed całą klasą, co byś zrobił? suppose/supposing unreal past (about present) sākt mācīties
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Suppose your teacher asked you to speak in front of the class, what would you do? past Simple
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Załóżmy, że złapała Cię policja, co byś zrobił? suppose/supposing unreal past (about past) sākt mācīties
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Suppose the police had caught you, what would you have done? past Perfect
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Ona mówi tak, jakby była szefem. as if/as though unreal past (about present) sākt mācīties
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She speaks as if she were the boss. past Simple
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To wygląda, jak gdyby nie miał dobrze przespanych nocy od wielu dni. as if/as though unreal past (about past) sākt mācīties
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It looked as if he hadn't had a good night's sleep for days. past Perfect
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Najwyższy czas, abyś wyłączył swój komputer. it's (about/high) time... unreal past (about present) sākt mācīties
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It's time you turned off your computer. past Simple
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Why don't you invite him to dinner? suppose jako sugestia sākt mācīties
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Suppose you invite him to dinner?
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Powinieneś zrecyklingować ten kawałek papieru. had better=should (about present/future) sākt mācīties
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You'd better recycle that scrap paper. Sb+had better+present bare infinitive
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Byłoby lepiej, gdybyś zapytał o profesjonalną poradę. had better=should (about past) sākt mācīties
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It would have been better if you had asked for professional advice. It would have been better if+past Perfect =You should have asked for a professional advice.
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Wolałbym mieć teraz przerwę (about present/future; about me) I would rather=I would prefer sākt mācīties
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I would rather have a break now. I would rather+present bare infinitive
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Wolałbym zostać w domu poprzedniej nocy. (about past; about me) I would rather=I would prefer sākt mācīties
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I'd rather have stayed at home last night. I would rather+perfect bare infinitive
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Wolałbym, żebyś nie jadł słodyczy cały czas. (about present/future; about sb) I would rather=I would prefer sākt mācīties
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I'd rather you didn't eat sweets all the time. I'd rather sb+past Simple
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Wolałem, abyś zakupił czarną parę jeansów. (about past; about sb) I would rather=I would prefer sākt mācīties
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I'd rather you had bought the black pair of jeans. I'd rather sb+past Perfect
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Wolę (jeść) jabłka niż grejpfrut. general preference sākt mācīties
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I prefer (eating) apples to (eating) grapefruit. prefer+gerund/noun+to+gerund/noun
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Wolę śpiewać niż tańczyć. general preference sākt mācīties
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I prefer to sing rather than dance. prefer+full infinitive+rather than+bare infinitive
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Wolałbym mieć imprezę w domu niż iść do klubu. specific preference sākt mācīties
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I'd prefer to have a party at home rather than go to a club. would prefer+full infinitive+rather than+bare infinitive
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Wolałbym obejrzeć DVD niż iść do kina. sākt mācīties
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I'd rather watch a DVD than go to the cinema. would rather+bare infinitive+than+bare infinitive
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