ILSPT (02) - Basic English Vocabulary for Law

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jautājums English atbilde English
damages
sākt mācīties
Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done (odszkodowanie)
to commit
sākt mācīties
To send someone to prison or to a court (skierować)
judicial
sākt mācīties
An adjective referring to a judge or the law (sądow(nicz)y)
innocent
sākt mācīties
Not guilty of a crime (niewinny)
offence
sākt mācīties
Any act which is not legal (wykroczenie)
lawyer
sākt mācīties
A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business (prawnik)
dispute
sākt mācīties
A disagreement or argument between parties (spór)
tribunal
sākt mācīties
A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems (trybunał)
case
sākt mācīties
A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding (obrona)
judge
sākt mācīties
An official who presides over a court (sędzia)
to plead
sākt mācīties
To make an allegation in legal proceedings (odpowiadać na zarzuty oskarżenia)
defendant
sākt mācīties
Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case (oskarżony, pozwany)
claimant
sākt mācīties
A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court (powód)
settlement
sākt mācīties
An agreement reached after an argument (porozumienie/ugoda sądowe/a)
to arrest
sākt mācīties
To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime (aresztować)
hearing
sākt mācīties
A case which is being heard by committee, tribunal or court of law (sprawa sądowa)
to convict
sākt mācīties
To find that someone is guilty of a crime (uznać za winnego)
breach
sākt mācīties
Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement (naruszenie)
to prosecute
sākt mācīties
To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge (wnosić oskarżenie)
to appeal
sākt mācīties
To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence (złożyć apelację)
to charge
sākt mācīties
To say that someone has committed a crime (oskarżyć, postawić zarzut)
binding
sākt mācīties
Having the legal ability to force someone to do something (wiążący)
civil
sākt mācīties
An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organizations (cywilny)
defence
sākt mācīties
The arguments used when fighting a case
contract
sākt mācīties
A legal agreement between two or more parties (umowa prawna)
criminal
sākt mācīties
An adjective referring to crime (kryminalny, karny)
jury
sākt mācīties
A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trail (ława przysięgłych)
evidence
sākt mācīties
A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial (materiał dowodowy)
to fine
sākt mācīties
To order someone to pay money as a punishment (nałożyć karę grzywny)
injunction
sākt mācīties
A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something (nakaz/zakaz sądowy)
accountable
sākt mācīties
responsible for what had happened (odpowiedzialny)
impartial
sākt mācīties
not biased or prejudiced (bezstronny)
pecuniary
sākt mācīties
financial (pieniężny)
valid
sākt mācīties
being acceptable because it is true or relevant (prawomocny)
unprecedented
sākt mācīties
not having happened before (bezprecedensowy)
void
sākt mācīties
not having any legal effect (nieważny)
admissible
sākt mācīties
referring to evidence which a court will allow to be used (dopuszczalny)
unanimous
sākt mācīties
where everyone votes in the same way (jednomyślny)
eligible
sākt mācīties
able or allowed to do something (uprawniony)
irreconcilable
sākt mācīties
very strong, so that it is not possible for two sides to reach an agreement (nie do pogodzenia)
gross (adj.)
sākt mācīties
serious (rażący)
deductible
sākt mācīties
able to be removed (możliwy do usunięcia)
insolvent
sākt mācīties
not able to pay debts (niewypłacalny)
fiduciary
sākt mācīties
acting as trustee for someone else, or being in a position of trust (powierniczy)
occupational
sākt mācīties
referring to jobs and work (zawodowy)
exempt
sākt mācīties
not required to pay, or not covered by law (zwolniony)
verbatim
sākt mācīties
in the exact words (dosłowny)
unconditional
sākt mācīties
with no conditions attached (bezwarunkowy)
feasible
sākt mācīties
possible or practical (wykonalny)
redundant
sākt mācīties
no longer needed or valid (zbędny)
solvent
sākt mācīties
having enough money to pay debts (wypłacalny)
nominal
sākt mācīties
a very small amount (symboliczny)
corporate
sākt mācīties
referring to a company (firmowy)
open-ended
sākt mācīties
with no fixed period, or with some items not specified (na czas nieokreślony)
litigious
sākt mācīties
very willing to bring a lawsuit against someone to settle a disagreement (sporny)
nominee
sākt mācīties
a person who is appointed to deal with financial or other matters on behalf of another person (nominat)
franchise
sākt mācīties
a license to trade using a brand name and paying royalty for it
ombudsman
sākt mācīties
someone who deals with complaints that people make against the government or public organizations (rzecznik praw obywatelskich)
guarantor
sākt mācīties
somebody who gives a guarantee (poręczyciel, gwarant)
perjury
sākt mācīties
the crime of telling a lie in a court of law (krzywoprzysięstwo)
tortfeasor
sākt mācīties
somebody who has committed a civil wrong to somebody, entitling the victim to claim damages (sprawca czynu niedozwolonego)
compensation
sākt mācīties
a payment made by a person or company to cover cost of damage or hardship which they have caused (rekompensata)
mediation
sākt mācīties
an attempt by a third party to make the two sides in an argument agree (pośrednictwo)
debenture
sākt mācīties
a document in which a company acknowledges it owes a debt and gives the company's assets as security (obligacja, skrypt dłużny)
liability
sākt mācīties
the legal responsibility for paying someone for loss or damage incurred (odpowiedzialność prawna - obowiązek zapłaty, pasywa)
negligence
sākt mācīties
a failure to give proper care to something, especially a duty or responsibility, with the result that a person or property is harmed (zaniedbanie)
goodwill
sākt mācīties
the good reputation and trade with customers that a business firm has (dobre imię)
to indemnify
sākt mācīties
to pay for loss or damage suffered (wynagrodzić)
to undetake
sākt mācīties
to promise to do something (zobowiązać się)
to adjudicate
sākt mācīties
to give a judgement between two parties (rozstrzygnąć)
to liquidate
sākt mācīties
to sell assets or stock to raise cash (spieniężyć)
to entitle
sākt mācīties
to have or give someone the right to do something (uprawnić)
to mediate
sākt mācīties
to try to make to sides in an argument come to an agreement (pośredniczyć)
to draft
sākt mācīties
to make a first rough plan of a document such as contract (sporządzany)
to defraud
sākt mācīties
to trick someone so as to obtain money or goods illegally (oszukiwać)
to disclose
sākt mācīties
to tell details (ujawnić)
to ban
sākt mācīties
to forbid something, or make it illegal (zakazać)
to invalidate
sākt mācīties
to make something no longer valid (unieważnić)
to waive
sākt mācīties
to say that something is not necessary (zrzec się)
to grant
sākt mācīties
to agree to give someone something, or to allow someone to do something (przyznać)
to ratify
sākt mācīties
to approve officialy something that has already been decided (potwierdzać)
to blacklist
sākt mācīties
to put goods, people or a company on a list of those that you will not deal with (wykluczyć)
to default
sākt mācīties
to fail to carry out the terms of a contract, especially to fail to pay back a debt (nie wywiązać się)
to foreclose
sākt mācīties
to take possession of a property because the owner cannot repay money they have borrowed using the property as security (zablokować dostęp)
to dispute
sākt mācīties
to argue against something; to say that something is not correct (kwestionować)
to subcontract
sākt mācīties
to agree with a company that they will do all or part of the work for a project (zlecić podwykonanie)
to infringe
sākt mācīties
to make a product in the same way as another product which has been patented, and not pay royalties (naruszyć)
to certify
sākt mācīties
to make an official declaration in writing (poświadczyć, uwierzytelnić)
to exempt
sākt mācīties
to free someone from having to pay tax (zwolnić)
to wound up
sākt mācīties
to put a company into liquidation (zlikwidować)
to allege
sākt mācīties
to state, usually in giving evidence, that something has happened or is true (twierdzić)
to abide by
sākt mācīties
to accept a rule or follow a custom (przestrzegać)
to vest
sākt mācīties
to transfer to someone the legal ownership and possession of land or a right (przekazać, powierzyć)
to claim
sākt mācīties
to ask for money (żądać)
to seek
sākt mācīties
to ask for or try to do something (domagać się)

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