Industrialization

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entrepreneur
sākt mācīties
person who invests money in a business to make a profit
protective tariff
sākt mācīties
tax on imports designed to make imported goods cost more than those made locally
laissez-faire
sākt mācīties
policy that allows businesses to operate under minimal government regulation
patent
sākt mācīties
grant by the federal government giving an inventor the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a set period of time
suspension bridge
sākt mācīties
bridge in which the roadway is suspended by steel cables
time zone
sākt mācīties
one of the 24 longitudinal areas of the world within which the same time is used
mass production
sākt mācīties
system in which factories turn out large numbers of products quickly and expensively
corporation
sākt mācīties
a business in which a number of people share ownership
monopoly
sākt mācīties
complete control of a product or service
cartel
sākt mācīties
arrangement in which businesses making the same product agree to limit their production, keeping prices high
horizontal integration
sākt mācīties
system of consolidating many firms in the same business into a single company
trust
sākt mācīties
an arrangement where companies assign their stock to a board of trustees, who combine them into a new organization; trustees run the organization and pay themselves dividends on profits
vertical integration
sākt mācīties
system of a corporation gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development
sweatshop
sākt mācīties
factory that employs people to work for long hours on machines making mass-produced items
company town
sākt mācīties
community owned by a business that rented out houses to employees
collective bargaining
sākt mācīties
negotiating as a group for higher wage or better working conditions
socialism
sākt mācīties
an economic and political philosophy that favors public, instead of private, control of property and income

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