lesson 2 SIMPLE PRESENT

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jautājums English atbilde English
SIMPLE PRESENT
You need...
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SUBJECT + VERB
You need a boyfriend that says to you "I love you, baby"
The SIMPLE PRESENT is used to make statements about the present time, for permanent facts that are always true.
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The night is dark.
The SIMPLE PRESENT is used to make statements about the present time, for present facts that are true now.
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I feel happy.
The SIMPLE PRESENT is used to make statements about the present time, for habitual actions.
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I get up late.
Examples
I do my best. Period. I look great. I know. I speak Spanish.
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I take care of my mom. I write mystery novels. I believe.
I like to like. I work 24/7. I cook Russian food.
The SIMPLE PRESENT is also used to talk about scheduled events in the near future, for example, when talking about events that happen at a set of time like timetables, meetings or programs.
The next train arrives at 1 a.m... Enjoy me while you wait! (to get pleasure from something)
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The train arrives at 1 a.m. The meeting begins after lunch. The show ends in five minutes.
QUESTION: To make a Simple Present question use: DO/DOES + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE without "to"
Do you read?
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Do you work? Do you like music? Do you go to the movies? Do you like travelling?
No, I don't.
NEGATIVE To take a Simple Present negative use:
I don't like... I don't like people.
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SUBJECT + DON'T/DOESN'T + INFINITIVE without to
DO + NOT=DON'T; DOES + NOT= DOESN'T
The 3rd person singular in Simple Present
I look great, you look great, We look great, you look great, they look great.
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In Simple Present, add S to the verb in the third person singular (he, she, it)
He looks great, She looks great, It looks great.
for verbs ending in O,
do
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add ES
does
for verbs ending in S,
kiss
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add ES
kisses
for verbs ending in X,
mix
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add ES
mixes
for verbs ending in CH.
catch
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add ES
catches
for verbs ending in SH,
push
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add ES
pushes
for verbs ending in Y after a consonant
cry
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change Y to IES
cries
Use "does" for QUESTIONS
Does he stink? Does she stink? Does it stink?
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and "doesn't to form NEGATIVES
He doesn't snore. She doesn't snore. It doesn't snore.
PLURALS When a countable noun refers to two or more things,
computer, phantom, umbrella, house, book, hat
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use the plural form of the noun.
Plurals are generally created by ADDING S to the noun. computers, phantoms, umbrellas, houses, books, hats.
With some nouns it is a little different.
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These are the most COMMON EXCEPTIONS.
FOR NOUNS ENDING IN: O, S, X, ZZ, CH, SH
potato, kiss, box, buzz, witch, dish
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add ES
potatoes, kisses, boxes, buzzes, witches, dishes
For a noun ending in Z,
quiz
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add ZES.
quizzes
And for some nouns ending in O,
photo, piano
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add S
photos, pianos
CONSONANT + Y
city
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change Y to IES
cities
MOST NOUNS ENDING IN F OR FE
wolf
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change to VES
wolves
MOST NOUNS ENDING IN IS
crisis
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change to ES
crises
IRREGULAR PLURALS
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IRREGULAR NOUNS don't follow the previous rules. These are the most common. man-men; woman-women; child-children; foot-feet; sheep-sheep; tooth-teeth; person-people; mouse-mice
A COUNTABLE NOUN can have a number in front of it and can be plural:
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3 years, 2 suitcases, 1 rabbit.
An UNCOUNTABLE NOUN cannot have a number in front of it and there is no plural form:
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air, water, oil, hope
ARTICLES WITH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
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A/AN, THE
Use a COUNTABLE NOUN: with A/AN the first time you use that noun
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There is a naked man in the garden.
A- when the noun starts with consonant; AN - when the noun starts with vowel
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a friend; an egg
Use a COUNTABLE NOUN: with THE The subsequent times you use the noun, or when the listener already knows what you are referring to.
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The naked man is dancing.
Use a PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUN with NO ARTICLE when you speak in general.
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I don't like children.
Use an UNCOUNTABLE NOUN with NO ARTICLE if you mean all or any of that thing.
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I don't need help.
Use an UNCOUNTABLE NOUN with THE when you are talking about a particular example.
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Thanks for the help you didn't give me before.
How much
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How many
Use "how much"
How much is it?
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to ask about something that is UNCOUNTABLE
Use "how many"
How many would you like?
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to ask about something that is COUNTABLE
1 orange, 2 oranges, 3 oranges
SOME and ANY
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are used when the speaker doesn't specify a number or an exact amount.
SOME is used in POSITIVE SENTENCES with uncountable nouns
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You have some butter on your nose
SOME is used in POSITIVE SENTENCES with plural countable nouns
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You have some boogers in your nose.
Booger or Boogers may refer to: Mucus or snot, always dried nasal mucus (U.S. colloquial)
ANY is used in QUESTIONS and NEGATIVE SENTENCES with uncountable nouns:
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I don't want any risk in my life.
ANY is used in QUESTIONS and NEGATIVE SENTENCES with plural countable nouns:
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Do you have any friends?
Use SOME in questions when offering/requesting:
Two common exceptions to these rules: 1
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Would you like some more tea, darling?
Use ANY in positive sentences when it means "it doesn't matter which":
Two common exceptions to these rules: 2
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You can call me at any time.
What's that noise? Is that a rat? Are there any rats?
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Yes... There are some rats. Well, a lot of rats!
Are they close?
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Yes, very close! And they are big! Some of them look hungry... with big teeth.
Are there any subway employees around?
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No, there aren't any subway employees!
THERE IS THERE ARE
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"There is" and "there are" are used to say that something exists or doesn't exist.
THERE IS is used for a singular subject.
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there is a nice rink. There is no King Kong. Yes, there is a guy skating on an ice rink and there is a girl skating on a building? No, there isn't.
THERE ARE is used for a plural subject.
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There are a lot of buildings. There are no trees. Are there any school buses? Yes, there are. Are there people skating?
Demonstratives
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THIS, THESE, THAT, THOSE
Demonstratives are used to show the distance from the speaker.
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The distance can be psychological or physical.
THIS
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for singular nouns that are near.
THESE
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for plural nouns that are near.
THAT
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for singular nouns that are far.
THOSE
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for plural nouns that are far.
Demonstratives can be: PRONOUNS
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This is the dead tree. I don't like that. These are mine. Those are my neighbors.
Demonstratives can be: ADJECTIVES
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This tree is dead. I came in that car. I left these garbage bags. Those guys are unpleasant.
POSSESSIVES PRONOUNS and ADJECTIVES
SUBJECT PRONOUN: I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They.
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POSSESSIVE PRONOUN: MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, ITS, OURS, YOURS, THEIRS
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE: MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, ITS, OUR, YOUR, THEIR
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS are used instead of a noun.
She is mine. Vivian's husband is every woman's dream husband.
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Peggy's dress is pink. Mine is black.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES are usually to describe a noun, and, like other adjectives, come before the noun.
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My dress is nicer than her dress.
Use a SINGULAR NOUN with 'S to show possession:
'S + NOUNS
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I don't like my sister's boy friend.
Use S' with a REGULAR PLURAL NOUN.
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I love ladies' shoes.
Use 'S with an IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUN:
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I don't care about men's shoes.
With NAMES:
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Kate's dog barks every night. Do you have Susan's phone number?
When a name ends in S, treat it like any other singular noun and add 'S
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Don't eat Charles's breakfast.

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