TOLES Foundation 5A (Definitions)

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actionable per se
sākt mācīties
It means that the claimant does not need to provide proof of damage.
acts
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Things that I actively do
court transcripts
sākt mācīties
These are the documents that record what happened in court.
defamation
sākt mācīties
It means saying or writing something negative about someone
deterrent
sākt mācīties
It is something that persuades a person not to behave in a certain manner.
false imprisonment
sākt mācīties
To keep someone in a certain place without that person’s permission
heads of tort
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Lawyers refer to categories of tort as ‘heads of tort’.
negligence
sākt mācīties
It is when you cause harm to another person if you were not careful enough.
negligent conduct
sākt mācīties
It is behaviour that may lead to harm.
nuisance
sākt mācīties
It means to interfere with someone’s enjoyment of his or her land.
objective
sākt mācīties
It means not influenced by your own feelings when you have to decide something.
omissions
sākt mācīties
These are the things that I do not do, although I have a duty to do them.
proof of damage
sākt mācīties
It means that the defendant must prove in court that the defendant’s conduct caused him harm.
reasonably foreseeable
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It means that the results of my conduct are predictable. Something that I anticipate might happen as a result of my conduct.
remedy
sākt mācīties
It is something that compensates me for my loss or that stops the harm from happening.
remote damage
sākt mācīties
It means that that harm was not reasonably foreseeable. Usually the claimant is not entitled to redress for remote damage.
subjective
sākt mācīties
It means influenced by your own, personal feelings and opinions. Not objective.
the tort of assault
sākt mācīties
To make someone afraid that I will physically hurt them
the tort of battery
sākt mācīties
To actually hurt someone in a physical way
the tort of libel
sākt mācīties
It means publishing the defamatory statement in a permanent form, for example in a book or in a video
to redress
sākt mācīties
It means to correct something that is unfair, usually by putting the claimant back in the position that he or she was in before the negligent conduct happened.
to trespass
sākt mācīties
To interfere with something or someone, or to do something that causes harm.
tort
sākt mācīties
Conduct that causes harm to another person is referred to as a tort.
trespass to land
sākt mācīties
It means to go onto someone’s land without this person’s permission.

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