5. 1 CHANGE; COMPOUND NOUNS

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Match 1-8 with a) - h)
Weather, the music business, the seasons, the economy, the environment, the holiday industry, education, equality
sākt mācīties
to make sentences.
We are already having to adapt
to extreme weather events.
sākt mācīties
We are already having to adapt to extreme weather events.
Streaming services have transformed
the way we listen to music.
sākt mācīties
Streaming services have transformed the way we listen to music.
It takes some people time to adjust
to the change of seasons.
sākt mācīties
It takes some people time to adjust to the change of seasons.
Hosting a global sports event can do harm
to a country's economy.
sākt mācīties
Hosting a global sports event can do harm to a country's economy.
Coal and gas mining cause damage to
the environment.
sākt mācīties
Coal and gas mining cause damage to the environment.
Online hotel reviews have a positive effect
on travellers' experiences.
sākt mācīties
Online hotel reviews have a positive effect on travellers' experiences.
E-learning courses have enabled millions
to access high-quality education.
sākt mācīties
E-learning courses have enabled millions to access high-quality education.
The appearence of female journalists in the media has revolutionised
their fight for equality.
sākt mācīties
The appearence of female journalists in the media has revolutionised their fight for equality.
Underline the verb phrases related to change in Exercises 3A and 3B
sākt mācīties
and write them in the correct group according to their meaning. Include the part of speech that follows them.
react to change:
sākt mācīties
adapt to + noun; to adjust to + noun
make a positive change
sākt mācīties
have a positive effect on + noun|pronoun; enabled + noun|pronoun + infinitive with "to"
make a negative change
sākt mācīties
have devastating effects on + noun | pronoun; can|do harm to + noun; cause damage to + noun
make a big change
sākt mācīties
revolutionised + noun; transform + noun
Complete the encyclopedia entries
sākt mācīties
with the names of the inventions in the photos.
The (1) was expected to be a major breakthrough for transport
but in the trade-off between safety and efficiency, safety won. The outlook for its future remains poor.
sākt mācīties
The jet pack was expected to be a major breakthrough for transport
but in the trade-off between safety and efficiency, safety won. The outlook for its future remains poor.
The (2) was expected to revolutionise communication
but had a serious drawback: it could not be used over a long range and communications breakdowns were common.
sākt mācīties
The wrist radio was expected to revolutionise communication
but had a serious drawback: it could not be used over a long range and communications breakdowns were common.
As glass bottles were replaced by cans, drinks manufactures needed a replacement for the (3)
sākt mācīties
As glass bottles were replaced by cans, drinks manufactures needed a replacement for the bottled cap/top,
and the outcome was the (4).
The downside of the move to cans was a huge increase in the amount of rubbish.
sākt mācīties
and the outcome was the ring pull.
The downside of the move to cans was a huge increase in the amount of rubbish.
Match definitions 1-6
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with the words in bold above.
compromise
sākt mācīties
trade-off
There is a trade-off between the risks and the benefits involved.
expectation
sākt mācīties
outlook
what is expected to happen in the future
system failure
sākt mācīties
breakdowns
the failure of a relationship or system
a discovery
sākt mācīties
breakthrough
an important new discovery or development
disadvantage
2 words
sākt mācīties
drawback; downside
a disadvantage; the bad part of something
result
sākt mācīties
outcome
the final result of a meeting, process etc
Complete the information with examples from the entries in Exercise 8B.
sākt mācīties
More than one answer is sometimes possible.
Compound nouns are usually made of two words. They can be written as separate words, e.g. bottle cap, or a single word, e.g. (1),
sākt mācīties
Compound nouns are usually made of two words. They can be written as separate words, e.g. bottle cap, or a single word, e.g. breakthrough, outlook, drawback, breakdown, outcome, downside,
or they can be written with a hyphen, e.g. (2).
sākt mācīties
or they can be written with a hyphen, e.g. trade-off.
The plural is made by adding an "s" to the end, e.g. (?).
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The plural is made by adding an "s" to the end, e.g. breakdowns.
Several common compound nouns are made of a verb + preposition, e.g. (3),
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Several common compound nouns are made of a verb + preposition, e.g. breakthrough, trade-off, drawback, breakdown,
breakdowns; drawback.
or a preposition or adverb + verb, e.g. (4).
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or a preposition or adverb + verb, e.g. outlook, outcome.
outlook
If you understand both parts of the compound,
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you can often guess the meaning.
Listen to seven sentences.
Where does the stress usually fall?
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Write the compound noun in each sentence in your notebook and underline the stress.
the first word in a compound noun is usually stressed
There’s been a breakthrough.
sākt mācīties
break
It’s a trade-off between cost and safety.
sākt mācīties
trade
The long-term outlook is very good.
sākt mācīties
out
The downside is I get paid less.
sākt mācīties
down
There’s only one drawback.
sākt mācīties
draw
There’s been a breakdown in communications.
sākt mācīties
break
What was the outcome of the meeting?
sākt mācīties
out
Match the beginnings and endings
sākt mācīties
to make compound adjectives for products.
long-
sākt mācīties
long-life batteries
high-
sākt mācīties
high-definition TV
pocket-
sākt mācīties
pocket-sized camcorder
water-
sākt mācīties
water-proof watch
voice-
sākt mācīties
voice-activated dictaphone
built-
sākt mācīties
built-in dishwasher
hand-
sākt mācīties
hand-held GPS system
solar-
sākt mācīties
solar-powered torch
eco-
sākt mācīties
eco-friendly detergent
energy-
sākt mācīties
energy-efficient light bulb
A
sākt mācīties
energy-efficient light bulb
B
sākt mācīties
hand-held/handheld GPS
C
sākt mācīties
water-proof/waterproof watch
D
sākt mācīties
pocket-sized camcorder
E
sākt mācīties
eco-friendly detergent
F
sākt mācīties
solar-powered torch

Compound nouns

What is a compound noun? According to the compound words definiton, a compound noun is a word that is made up of two or more words. Many of the compound nouns are made of nouns modified by other nouns or adjectives. Usually, the first word from the compound noun modifies the second one, expressing what kind of thing it is and what is it used for. Also, a compound noun can be a single word, as an example, the word bedroom. Some of the compound nouns are connected with a hyphen, as an example, built-it, while some can be two separate words.

Compound noun examples

This lesson will explain you what are the compound nouns and how are they formed. You will also find compound noun examples and senteces with them. The list of compound words of this lesson includes different tyoes of compound nouns. Here are some examples of compound words from the compound words list:
  • 1. trade-off = compromise
  • 2. outlook = expectation
  • 3. breakdown = systen failure
  • 4. breakthrought = discovery
  • 5. outcome = result
There are many more compound nouns you will learn with this flashcard lesson! Take a look at all of the flaschards to master and understand the compound nouns!

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